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11.
Ibticem Chamtouri Habib Abida Hafedh Khanfir Salem Bouri 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(5):1123-1133
Groundwater in Sfax City (Tunisia) has been known since the beginning of the century for its deterioration in quality, as
a result of wastewater recharge into the aquifer. An average value of 12 × 106 m3 of untreated wastewater reaches the groundwater aquifer each year. This would result not only in a chemical and biological
contamination of the groundwater, but also in an increase of the aquifer piezometric level. Quantitative impacts were evaluated
by examining the groundwater piezometric level at 57 surface wells and piezometers. The survey showed that, during the last
two decades, the groundwater level was ever increasing in the urban area with values reaching 7 m in part; and decreasing
in Sidi Abid (agricultural area) with values exceeding −3 m. Groundwater samples for chemical and microbial analysis were
collected from 41 wells spread throughout the study area. Results showed significantly elevated levels of sodium, chlorides,
nitrates and coliform bacteria all over the urban area. High levels (NO3: 56–254 mg/l; Na >1,500 mg/l; Coliforms >30/100 ml) can be related to more densely populated areas with a higher density
of pit latrine and recharge wells. Alternatively results showed a very variable chemical composition of groundwater, e.g.
electrical conductivity ranges from 4,040 to19,620 μs/cm and the dry residual varies between 1.4 and 14 g/l with concentrations
increasing downstream. Furthermore a softening of groundwater in Set Ezzit (highly populated sector) was observed. 相似文献
12.
M. Irfan Yesilnacar Erkan Sahinkaya Muhsin Naz Bestamin Ozkaya 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(1):19-25
Monitoring groundwater quality by cost-effective techniques is important as the aquifers are vulnerable to contamination from
the uncontrolled discharge of sewage, agricultural and industrial activities. Faulty planning and mismanagement of irrigation
schemes are the principle reasons of groundwater quality deterioration. This study presents an artificial neural network (ANN)
model predicting concentration of nitrate, the most common pollutant in shallow aquifers, in groundwater of Harran Plain.
The samples from 24 observation wells were monthly analysed for 1 year. Nitrate was found in almost all groundwater samples
to be significantly above the maximum allowable concentration of 50 mg/L, probably due to the excessive use of artificial
fertilizers in intensive agricultural activities. Easily measurable parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity,
groundwater level and pH were used as input parameters in the ANN-based nitrate prediction. The best back-propagation (BP)
algorithm and neuron numbers were determined for optimization of the model architecture. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm
was selected as the best of 12 BP algorithms and optimal neuron number was determined as 25. The model tracked the experimental
data very closely (R = 0.93). Hence, it is possible to manage groundwater resources in a more cost-effective and easier way with the proposed
model application. 相似文献
13.
Liugen Zheng Guijian Liu Lei Wang Chen-Lin Chou 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008,97(2-3):59-68
The Huaibei Coalfield, Anhui Province, China, is one of the largest coalfields in China. The coals of Permian age are used mainly for power generation. Coal compositions and 47 trace elements of the No. 10 Coal of the Shanxi Formation, the No. 7, 5, and 4 Coals of the Lower Shihezi Formation, and the No. 3 Coal of the Upper Shihezi Formation from the Huaibei Coalfield were studied. The results indicate that the Huaibei coals have low ash, moisture, and sulfur contents, but high volatile matter and calorific value. The ash yield increases stratigraphically upwards, but the volatile matter and total sulfur contents show a slight decrease from the lower to upper seams. Magmatic intrusion into the No. 5 Coal resulted in high ash, volatile matter, and calorific value, but low moisture value in the coal. Among the studied 47 trace elements, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Th, U, V, and Zn are of environmental concerns. Four elements Hg, Mo, Zn, and Sb are clearly enriched in the coals as compared with the upper continental crust. 相似文献
14.
乌鲁木齐河流域地下水水质监测网设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章运用地下水易污性编图及污染源分布图法进行了乌鲁木齐河流域地下水水质监测网设计。共设计了130监测孔,现有46个监测孔,另需要84个新的监测孔。按监测类型分为面源监测点22个,点源监测点87个,重点水源地与泉水监测点21个。按监测运行分长期监测点55个,流域普查监测点75个。普查监测点监测频率为1次/5年,长期监测点监测频率为1次/年。首期有针对性地在污染严重的柴窝堡新化厂排污区、乌鲁木齐河谷老排污区、米泉污灌区、米泉工业污染区、老龙河污染区取了25个污染水样测试分析,结果显示地下水已经受到严重污染。 相似文献
15.
根据 2 0 0 1年 2月和 7月对崎岖列岛附近海域的水质和底质表层沉积物调查结果 ,采用环境质量单项评价标准指数法 ,对该海域环境质量现状进行了评价与分析。结果表明 :(1 )该海域水质的 p H值、溶解氧和石油类等环境因子基本符合一类海水水质标准 ,化学需氧量、活性磷酸盐和无机氮浓度则超标严重 ,该海域水质已处于严重富营养化状态 (夏季比冬季富营养化程度略低 ) ;(2 )该海域底质表层沉积物中除部分站位的重金属 Cu、 Zn含量超标外 ,有机质、石油类和重金属 Pb、 Cd、 Hg的含量均未超标 ,底质环境状况尚好 相似文献
16.
17.
贡湖水质富营养化综合评价及初步预测 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
对1996年7月贡湖三次调查资料进行的水质和富营养化现状综合评价显示:贡湖水质以Ⅲ-Ⅳ类为主,局部已出发V类,凯氏氮,非离子氨和总磷为主要污染物;营养型以中营养和中富营养类型分布面积较广。 相似文献
18.
19.
海洋生态环境监测的指标体系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在总结国内外各种海洋生态监测方法的基础上,构建生物分布指数、生物暴露指数和生物反应指数,并由此确定生态质量总指教。生态质量总指数可以综合反映特定海洋环境的生物群落特征,典型污染物在生物体内的蓄积特征以及生物体对环境污染的生理生化反应特征,因此可以应用于近岸海洋环境质量的生态监测。 相似文献
20.
对虾养殖水质与饵料的关系研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文报道投喂不同厂家生产的对虾配合饵料致使水质因子变化的比较试验。结果表明:对虾养殖水体的pH、溶解氧及氨氮含量的变化和饵料的质量有直接关系,且影响到对虾的生存。而养殖水体的盐度、温度的变化和饵料的相关性不甚明显。文中还对配合饵料影响养殖水质因子变化的机理作了初步探讨。 相似文献